PHOSPHINES AND PHOSPHITES HAVE WIDELY BEEN USED IN THE STRUCTURE OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEXES AS GOOD Σ-DONOR Π-ACCEPTOR LIGANDS. THESE LIGANDS PRESENT VARIOUS STERIC AND ELECTRONIC EFFECTS WHEN COORDINATED TO TRANSITION METALS. CHEMICAL BEHAVIORS OF PHOSPHINES AND PHOSPHITES ARE TUNED BY CHANGING THE SUBSTITUENTS AT THE PHOSPHORUS ATOM...

BACKGROUND: THE STUDY OF THE CYCLOMETALATION REACTIONS IS OF CONSIDERABLE INTEREST FROM ITS ROLE IN MANY APPLICATIONS, SUCH AS THE FUCTIONALIZATION OF C-H BONDS, ANTI-CANCER DRUG, LUMINESCENCE, ETC. [1]. THE LIGAND SUBSTITUTION REACTION INVOLVING TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES IS USUALLY CONSIDERED AS A KEY STEP IN MANY CATALYTIC REACTIONS [2]. HOWEVER, SUCH REACTIONS HAVE RARELY BEEN CONSIDERED ON CYCLOPLATINTED COMPLEXES [3]...

BACKGROUND: SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF BINUCLEAR COMPLEXES, AS THE SIMPLEST MULTIMETALLIC SYSTEMS, HAVE BEEN PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT DUE TO THEIR APPLICATIONS IN MANY FIELDS SUCH AS CATALYSIS. IN THIS AREA, THE CONNECTION OF CYCLOMETALATED ORGANOPLATINUM COMPOUNDS TO EACH OTHER BY USING APPROPRIATE BRIDGING LIGAND SUCH AS BIPHOSPHINE LIGANDS (E.G., DPPM=BIS (DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO) METHANE) WOULD HAVE GREAT IMPACTS ON THEIR REACTIVITY AND PROPERTIES DUE TO PRESENCE OF NEW SET OF ELECTRONIC AND STERIC EFFECTS [1-3]...

THE HYPOTHESIS THAT TWO KNOWN CHELATORS DEFERIPRONE (L1) AND DEFERASIROX (DFS) MIGHT BE MORE EFFICIENT AS COMBINED TREATMENT THAN AS MONOTHERAPIESIN MOBILIZATION OF COPPER WAS TESTEDIN COPPER-EXPOSED RATS [1, 2]. MALE WISTAR RATS WERE EXPOSED TO 70 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT COPPER (II) CHLORIDE IN DRINKING WATER FOR 42 DAYS, FOLLOWED BY TREATMENT WITH DFS, L1 EITHER ALONE OR IN COMBINATION DFS+L1, FOR 10 CONSECUTIVE DAYS. AFTER CHELATION THERAPY, THESE RATS WERE ANESTHETIZED WITH ETHER VAPOR AND IMMOBILIZED BY CERVICAL DISLOCATION AND THEN THEIR HEART, LIVER, KIDNEYS AND INTESTINE WERE SAMPLED FOR DETERMINATION OF COPPER, IRON AND CONCENTRATION WITH AN ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER. THE TREATMENT WITH DFS AND L1 APPRECIABLY DECREASED THE DEPLETION OF ENDOGENOUS COPPER BUT THE COMBINED TREATMENTS WERE MORE EFFICIENT THAN THE INDIVIDUALS IN RESTORING THE TISSUE COPPER LEVELS. FURTHERMORE, IRON AND ZINC CONCENTRATION AFTER CHELATION THERAPY SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED, THUS CONSUMPTION OF IRON AND ZINC TABLET IS RECOMMENDED TO RETURN IRON AND ZINC LEVEL TO ITS NORMAL STATE. OUR RESULTS SUPPORT THE USEFULNESS OF THIS ANIMAL MODEL FOR PRELIMINARY IN VIVO TESTING OF COPPER CHELATORS. RESULT OF COMBINED CHELATORS TREATMENT SHOULD BE CONFIRMED IN A DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTAL MODEL BEFORE EXTRAPOLATION TO OTHER SYSTEMS.